COURAGE

łączymy kolekcje

In addition, she is the coordinator of the MA program in Gender Studies and director of the Center for Gender and Politics at the Faculty of Political Sciences in Belgrade. Duhaček is also the director of the course in Feminist Criticism at Inter-University Centre (IUC) Dubrovnik. Her research areas are feminist theory and political philosophy. Her key publications include “Women’s Time in Former Yugoslavia” (in Gender Politics and Post Communism, New York, 1993); “Belgrade Women’s Studies Centre” in European Journal of Women’s Studies, SAGE, (London 1998); The Captives of Evil: The Legacy of Hannah Arendt (co-edited with Obrad Savić, Belgrade, 2002); “The Making of Political Responsibility: The Case of Serbia” (in Women and Citizenship in Central and Eastern Europe (Burlington, 2006); The Burden of Our Times (Belgrade, 2010); “Questioning Authority in the Singular” in European Journal of Women’s Studies, SAGE (London, 2011); “Classic Liberal Feminism” and “Gender and Identity” in Introduction to Gender Theories (Novi Sad, 2011).

She has taught at Rutgers University, USA, and Central European University (CEU) in Budapest, Hungary, among many others.

Radu Dumitrescu is a Baptist intellectual who signed the open letter of protest against infringements of human rights in Romania relating to religious freedom entitled: The neo-protestant denominations and human rights in Romania, which was broadcasted by Radio Free Europe in April 1977. Due to his oppositional activity, he was persecuted by the communist regime and was dismissed from the primary school where he had been employed as a teacher (Silveșan and Răduț 2014, 64).

Ion Dumitru, who emigrated from communist Romania in 1961, was a personality of the post-war Romanian exile community. In particular, he asserted himself through the initiative of setting up his own publishing house, which became one of the most important in exile, under whose imprint a veritable library of the Romanian emigration was published, extremely valuable and useful for Romanian history and culture. He was also noted for the involvement in the actions of promoting media coverage in the West of the repressive and aberrant policies of the communist regime in his native country, and in campaigns for respect for human rights in Romania.

He was born on 27 August 1937 in Boteni, present-day Argeș county. He attended the courses of the Medium Technical School of the Merchant Navy, section of deck officers, long sea voyage, in Constanta, which he graduated in 1955. From 1952, when he reached high school, he attended the meetings of the literary circle at the Casino in Constanta, led by Grigore Sălceanu. Passionate about poetry, starting with his high school years, he composed a series of poems and participated in the meetings of several cenacles, especially the Hristo Botev cenacle in Brăila. With some of the poems read here he debuted in the local newspaper Înainte (Forward), where he also published travel notes and reports. Sporadically he also participated in literary cenacles in Cernavodă, Galați, Giurgiu, Târgu Jiu, Tulcea, Turnu Severin, and Bucharest. Several texts of his also appeared in Viaţa Nouă (New life) in Galaţi, Munca (Work) in Bucharest and Ramuri (Branches) in Craiova.

As the high school that he initially enrolled in at had a duration of three years, to complete his studies, in parallel – between 1954 and 1955 – he enrolled at the Mircea cel Bătrân High school in Constanța. After graduation, in 1955, he passed the admission exam at the Mihai Eminescu School of Literature in Bucharest, which later became a department of the Faculty of Philology of the University of Bucharest. From October 1955, he was employed as a sailor on river ships. In 1959 he was promoted to the position of river trainee officer, and after his Brevet examination to the position of river officer, and he worked as a second from December 1960 to August 1961. In 1959, he made his first attempt to leave communist Romania. Employed as a river trainee officer aboard the ship Johann Wallner, he was suspected of intending to flee to the FRG, for which reason he was taken to Bratislava and sent back to Romania by train. Against this background, he was disqualified for disciplinary reasons and sent on river boats on the Lower Danube and the Danube Delta. In 1961, he was appointed second officer on a small ship of the NAVROM company, which navigated to Regensburg in the FRG. During a trip in August 1961, he decided not to return to Romania. He spent some time at the Zirndorf refugee camp, where he applied to the West German authorities for political asylum. Initially, the request was denied, but with the help of an association of Romanians in exile, the Association of Free Romanians in Germany, he challenged the decision in court and won. On 2 February 1962 he received political asylum and he settled in Munich. In the period of accommodation, he first took unskilled work: lens cleaner and night guard at a hotel.

During this time, he began to interact with Romanians living abroad and to become involve in the activities of the exile community. In 1964, he was employed by Radio Free Europe as an editor in the documentary department, where he worked for thirty-one years until 1995. He was also a founding member of the cenacle Apoziția (Apposition) in Munich, one of the most important and well-known literary circles of the post-war Romanian exile community. Another very important and essential initiative from the period of his exile was the establishment in Munich of the Ion Dumitru Publishing House (Jon Dumitru Verlag), officially registered in 1976, but in operation from the mid-1960s. A significant number of books by Romanians abroad, including his own volumes, were published at this publishing house. One of the most important of Ion Dumitru’s books, published in exile in 1969, with which he made a name for himself among the Romanians of the emigration, is Forme de etnocid în URSS: Un plan sistematic de rusificare forțată a Basarabiei și Bucovinei de Nord (Forms of etnocid in the USSR: A systematic plan of forced Russianisation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina). In essence, this volume illustrates the way the Romanian exile community acted to preserve, at least among those who had left Romania, the memory of the Romanian territories occupied by the USSR; Bessarabia and Bukovina. The same publishing house, on its own or in collaboration, also printed several newspapers and exile magazines, such as: Apoziția (magazine of the literary circle of the same name), Dialog (where the critical letters sent to RFE by dissidents in Romania appeared in the 1980s), Săptămâna müncheneză (Munich week), Limite (Limits), Curentul (The current), and Correspondances. As a result, it can be considered the most important publishing house of the Romanian anti-communist exile community, which made a substantial contribution to Romanian culture, printing a true library of Romanian emigration.

From 1964, Ion Dumitru became a notable presence in the exile press, where he published poems, prose, and articles about the situation in his country of origin until the collapse of the communist regime in Romania. His activities were both cultural, journalistic, religious, social, and political. He collaborated with several Romanian publications abroad, including: Revista Scriitorilor Români, Cuvântul Românesc, Stindardul, Cuvântul în exil, Buletinul Asociației Românilor Liberi din Germania și Berlinul de Vest, Drum, America, and Acțiunea Creștin Socială Română. In the same vein of activities of Ion Dumitru in exile, it is also worth mentioning that he was the founder and secretary of the society Fondul de ajutor al românilor din Germania (The Aid Fund of the Romanians in Germany, from 1972), and a founding member of the Asociația Scriitorilor Români și Germani din Bavaria (Association of Romanian and German Writers in Bavaria) (Munich).

Since the collapse of the communist regime in Romania, Ion Dumitru has often returned to the country without establishing himself there definitively. He was a member of the Moral Guarantee Council of the National Institute for the Memory of the Romanian Exile, a body that brought together Romanian personalities. Living in Munich, he has continued to involve himself in a series of cultural activities of Romanians in Germany and to publish his own books. Today, at the age of eighty-one, he is still very active in the Romanian community in Germany, and continues to present his studies at scholarly meetings.

Ivo Durec was born on the 1^st November 1964 in Hodonín. He graduated primary school in Rajhrad, where the family moved to in 1975. He then completed grammar school in Brno, which he finished in 1984. He worked briefly as a labourer and savings bank official. In 1987 he was accepted to study archive studies and history at the Faculty of Philosophy, UJEP, in Brno. Ivo Durec was one of the students at the faculty who was involved in the FF UJEP Strike Committee during the November 1989 Revolution. Together with Pavel Kocman, Darja Golkova and Renata Brozova, he helped to organise documents   - today's collection of FIF UJEP Strike Committee materials. After graduating in 1993, he became an archivist at the Brno-venkov State Archive, based in Rajhrad, where he is now the director. He is also devoted to sculpture.

Rudolf Dzurko was an artist of Roma origin who lived a substantial part of his life in the former Czechoslovakia. During that time, he was a relatively unknown artist until 1996 when the Revolver Revue awarded him its Prize and presented copies of his work to the general public. The originals could be seen by the public in 2002, when Dzurka made a great retrospective of the centre of Egon Schiele in Český Krumlov. In the catalogue of this exhibition, he wrote: "I have never wanted to do art and do not want to do it now. I do not consider myself an artist. Michelangelo, Leonardo, Gogh, these were my true artists. It seems to me, when I'm angry I will make a picture of how angry I am when I'm happy I will make the image sparkling, joyful and when I feel sadness, fear, anxiety, when the whole of Prague falls upon me and the city suffocates me, then I make pictures such as Violent Civilization."

 Dzurko was born in 1941 to the "Gypsy" community in eastern Pavlovice. After the war, he and his parents moved to northern Bohemia to replace the expelled and murdered Germans. There, in the vicinity of Nový Bor, he also first became acquainted with the glass shards there, which laid there as a waste after the glass production. He then began his first job, working as a bricklayer and as a metal turner. He began to exhibits his work in the 1970s, when he was invited to exhibitions such as The Art of Czechoslovak Gypsies or Our Fellow Gypsies. He then moved to Prague where he continued his work. After 1989, the National Gallery bought several of his paintings and today the value of his work is counted in millions. The Museum of Romany Culture also owns a relatively large collection.

Dzurko devoted himself to the world of Roma, their poverty and fantasy, foolishness and humanity as well as the search for their place. The paintings are very fragile in nature and he patented his original technique. In his work, he also devoted himself to the subject of communist power, for example, when he created the picture "The Devil (Communists) took a violin from a Gypsy." The painting originated in 1983. In his work, Dzurko captured the publication of the Czech-Roma dictionary, the racist attack of the arsonists in Vítkov in 2009 and the period of communism. He was incredibly aware of what the Communist regime had committed to the Roma people, especially as part of assimilation programmes. Dzurko himself also signed several sentences in a document developed by Charter 77 in the spring of 1989 and published June 29.

Iván Zoltán Dénes (1946) is a Hungarian historian. Between 1966 and 1971 he studied philosophy and history along with archival sciences (1971–1975) at the Loránd Eötvös University, Budapest. From 1973 to 1974, and between 1977 to 1998 he was a researcher at the Philosophy Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. From 1998 he worked at Debrecen University, and in 2001 he became the leader of the Political Theory and Policy History Department of the university. He is a member of the Academia Europaea in London since 1995. He was the founding president in 1996 of the István Bibó Intellectual Workshop. His principal area of research is Hungarian 19^th–20^th-century history of ideas (liberalism, conservatism, nationalism).

Art historian. He studied at ELTE, and from 1974 is museologist, from 1976 head of department at the Contemporary Hungarian Department of the Hungarian National Gallery (MNG). From 1987 to 2010, he was head of the Contemporary Collection. Beside his activity at MNG, he was site supervisor of five county museums between 1975 and 1988; artistic director of the Makó Graphic Workshop from 1978 to 1981; artistic director of the Újpest Gallery between 1986 and 1989; he taught art history at the journalism school of the National Association of Hungarian Journalists from 1986 to 1988; between 1990 and 1996 he was a member of the Advisory Board of Műcsarnok, Budapest; from 1992 to 1999 he was a member of the Mihály Munkácsy Prize Committee; since 1994 member of the Degree Examination Board of the Hungarian University of Fine Arts; since 1996 board member of the National Association of Hungarian Artists (MAOE). His field of research is 20^th-century Hungarian art. He has curated more than 100 exhibitions.